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Medically Reviewed

By

Chrysoula I. Liakou

MD, PhD, Internal Medicine Specialist and
Cancer Immunology Researcher.

What Is Sinusitis?

Sinusitis is a condition where the tissue lining the sinuses becomes swollen or inflamed. Sinuses are small, air-filled pockets in the bones of your face, around your nose, eyes, cheeks, and forehead. These sinuses are meant to be filled with air, allowing them to drain naturally. They also produce mucus, which keeps the inside of your nose moist and helps trap dust, allergens, and other pollutants that you breathe in.

 

Sinusitis can last from a few days to several weeks. Mild cases, called "acute sinusitis," usually improve within about 10 days but can last up to 4 weeks. Sometimes, sinusitis becomes long-lasting or "chronic," requiring more attention from a healthcare provider. Sinusitis is sometimes called rhinosinusitis since the nose (rhino) and sinuses are affected.

Sinusitis Symptoms

Sinusitis can cause various symptoms that often feel similar to a cold. These symptoms may last longer and include discomfort in several areas around your face and head. Here’s a list of common symptoms you might experience with sinusitis:

 

  • Stuffy or runny nose with thick yellow or green mucus

  • Facial pressure or pain around the nose, eyes, forehead, or cheeks

  • Headache that may get worse when bending over or moving the head

  • Reduced sense of smell

  • Cough, often due to postnasal drip (mucus dripping down the throat)

  • Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth

  • Pain or pressure in the upper teeth

  • Ear pressure or discomfort

  • Fever, especially with an infection

  • Fatigue or general tiredness

Sinusitis Causes

Sinusitis occurs when fluid becomes trapped in the sinuses, creating a favourable environment for germs to grow. This condition has several different causes and triggers, ranging from infections to allergies. Here are some of the leading causes of sinusitis:

  • Viral Infections: Common viruses like those that cause colds and the flu can lead to sinusitis by causing sinus swelling and trapping mucus.

  • Bacterial Infections: Certain bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, can infect the sinuses, especially if they stay blocked for an extended time.

  • Fungal Infections: Fungi can cause sinus infections, especially if the sinuses are damp and warm, which allows fungi to grow.

  • Allergies: Seasonal allergies, like hay fever or allergies to dust, pollen, and pet dander, can cause swelling in the nasal passages, leading to blocked sinuses.

  • Asthma And Pollutants: Conditions like asthma and exposure to air pollution, smoke, or strong chemicals can irritate and inflame the sinuses.

These causes can contribute to sinusitis by blocking the sinuses, trapping mucus, and creating an environment where germs can grow.

Sinusitis Treatment

Treating sinusitis depends on the cause and duration of the symptoms. While many cases clear up independently, some may need medical treatment. Here are some common ways to manage and treat sinusitis:

  • Over-The-Counter (OTC) Medications: Pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help reduce sinus pain and pressure. Decongestants can relieve a stuffy nose, though nasal sprays should be used carefully and not for more than three days to avoid worsening congestion.

  • Saline Rinses: Rinsing your nose with a saline solution can help clear mucus, reduce congestion, and moisten the sinuses.

  • Warm Compresses And Steam: Placing a warm cloth on your face or inhaling steam from a hot shower can help soothe sinus pressure and loosen mucus.
  • Hydration: Drinking plenty of water helps thin the mucus, making it easier for the sinuses to drain.

  • Antibiotics: If a doctor suspects a bacterial infection, they may prescribe antibiotics for 10-14 days. Antibiotics only work on bacterial infections and won’t help if the sinusitis is viral or allergy-related.

  • Allergy Management: Allergies can be a trigger for sinusitis. Antihistamines or allergy shots may help reduce inflammation for people with sinusitis due to allergies. Avoiding allergens like dust or pollen can also help.

  • Steroid Sprays: For chronic or severe sinusitis, doctors may prescribe nasal corticosteroid sprays to reduce inflammation and help with long-term relief.

  • Bioelectronic Sinus Devices: Some over-the-counter devices use microcurrents to stimulate the nerves in the sinuses, reducing pain, congestion, and inflammation.

  • Surgery: A doctor may suggest surgery for chronic sinusitis that doesn’t improve with medication. This may involve removing nasal polyps, repairing a deviated septum, or opening blocked sinuses for better drainage. Surgery is usually a last resort and may require additional treatments afterward.

These treatments aim to relieve symptoms, prevent sinusitis from returning, and address any underlying issues causing it.

Sinusitis Prevention

While there’s no foolproof way to prevent sinusitis, proactive steps can significantly reduce your chances of getting it. Here are some practical ways to keep your sinuses healthy:

  • Practice Good Hygiene: Washing your hands often, especially during cold and flu season, helps reduce the risk of infections that could lead to sinusitis. Avoid touching your face to limit the spread of germs to your nose and mouth.

  • Avoid Smoking And Secondhand Smoke: Smoke irritates the sinuses, making them more likely to get infected. If you smoke, try to quit and avoid being around others who smoke, as secondhand smoke can also affect sinus health.

  • Manage Allergies: Since allergies can cause sinus inflammation, managing them is essential. Avoid allergy triggers like pollen, dust, and pet dander. Taking antihistamines or getting allergy shots can help if you have chronic allergies.

  • Avoid Contact With Sick People: Since sinusitis often develops after a cold or flu, it’s wise to avoid close contact with people who are ill to reduce your risk.

  • Use A Humidifier: Dry air can irritate your sinuses, so using a humidifier can help keep the air in your home moist, especially in winter. Be sure to clean it regularly to avoid mold and dust buildup.

  • Stay Up-To-Date With Vaccinations: Vaccinations, like the annual flu shot, can protect you from respiratory infections that often lead to sinus problems.

  • Try A Saline Rinse: Rinsing your nose with a saline (salt water) solution can clear out mucus and keep your nasal passages clean, especially if you’re exposed to dust, allergens, or dry air.

Following these steps can reduce your risk of sinus infections and keep your sinuses clear and healthy throughout the year. Mobi Doctor can help you manage sinusitis by connecting you with experienced doctors who can assess your symptoms, suggest treatments, and provide guidance on prevention. Whether you need advice on managing allergies, medication recommendations, or support with chronic sinus issues, Mobi Doctor makes it easy to get professional care from the comfort of your home.

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